Entries Tagged 'acidic water' ↓

The statement about acids tasting sour represents not only a fact about acids, but also a statement about early chemical experiments and chemists. Chemists no longer taste laboratory materials. Not only has the development of modern chemical procedures made such tests obsolete, they are also clearly dangerous. However, chemists once performed these tests routinely. The following case is a description of one of these tests.

A chemist received a vial of a substance that was connected with a Civil War munitions train. The synthesis of nitroglycerine was a possible use for vial, and the chemist came across an interesting reference to tasting chemicals while examining documents about the history of nitroglycerine in the United States. “The addition of water precipitates a heavy oily looking liquid, which may be washed in water, dissolved in alcohol and separated by the addition of water. It resembles light yellow olive oil, it is heavier than water, in which it is quite insoluble – it dissolves freely in alcohol and ether, is without smell, and a sweetish pungent and aromatic flavor. It must be tasted with great caution, as a quantity sufficient to moisten the end of the finger, when applied to the tongue, produces the most unpleasant effects of nausea and headache, which last for hours. No analysis of this compound has been made”.

Nitroglycerine is known to most people as a powerful explosive. It is also a very, powerful medicine that is prescribed for people with a particular type of heart disease. Nitroglycerine is a vasodilator, a compound that causes the blood vessels to relax and expand. Since side effects include headaches and nausea, the dosage must be carefully controlled. One method is to dispense the nitroglycerine through the skin by applying a skin patch. Chemists have been able to immobilize nitroglycerine on a fabric patch that is worn like a small bandage. The amount of nitroglycerine delivered to the patient can be controlled and side effects minimized by this convenient delivery system.

 Many students get an impression that professional chemists always use large, expensive instruments to perform their work. That’s an incorrect impression for many chemical problems are addressed by very simple methods and techniques as is clear from this case history. Recently, some historians found several small glass vials at the site of a Civil War explosion near Sumter, South Carolina. The vials were about 2 inches (50 mm) long and about ½ inch (13mm) in diameter, and contained a clear liquid. The obvious question was: What is it? 

Records from the Civil War indicated that Sumter was a center for Confederate stores and munitions. As the Union forces commanded by General William T. Sherman swept through the state in early 1865, the Confederate army burned the railroad bridges around Sumter, leaving a fully loaded munitions train hidden in the swamp. The Confederates were unable to spare any able bodied men to guard the train, and Sherman heard rumors about the unguarded train. He dispatched Brigadier General Edward E. Potter to destroy the train and munitions. Potter set out on April 5, 1865, with about 2700 men supported by cavalry and artillery. The Confederacy was able to round up a force of 575 men from among the very young, the old, and the convalescent. A battle was fought on April 9. When the sole Confederate artillery piece was silenced, opposition was useless, and the road to Sumter was open. Ironically, April 9 was the day that Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox courthouse. Potter’s troops found the munitions train three miles into the swamp and blasted 3 locomotives and 35 cars loaded with military supplies.

The historians who found the vials near the old train tracks brought them to a chemist to find out what they contained. The vials were found packed in cotton, indicating the importance (or explosiveness) of the chemical inside it. The historians speculated that the contents might be chloroform (an anesthetic), an extract of opium, or nitroglycerine. Perhaps the vials might be leveling devices used to help aim cannon. The possibility of nitroglycerine, a widely used 19th century explosive, was remote. Nitroglycerine is every bit as hazardous as people think as small vibrations can cause it to explode. Still, extreme caution was used when one of the vials was opened.

The contents, a water-clear, viscous fluid, were transferred to screw-top container. The first step in identifying the sample was to determine whether it was organic (carbon-containing), like an oil) or inorganic (mineral in nature, ionic). The chemist mixed a drop of the unknown substance with water. Organic compounds do not generally mix with water, but many inorganic compounds do. The sample dissolved in water. The chemist noticed that adding a drop of the sample to some water in a test tube caused the solution to get very hot, so hot that it became uncomfortable to hold.

The acidity was checked next; the solution was extremely acidic, indicating that the unknown sample was a concentrated acid. The chemist next added barium chloride. A white precipitate formed. The only common anions that form precipitates with the barium cation are sulfate and phosphate. Next, some ammonium molybdate was added, a compound that would form a precipitate if phosphate was present. The lack of a precipitate indicated that the sample contained no phosphates. At this point it was clear that the sample was sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the strong acid that contains the sulfate anion. As additional confirmation, it is well known that sulfuric acid gets very hot when added to water.

A few relatively simple tests were all that was needed to determine the identity of the sample. As the chemist had many years of experience, his expertise and quantum of knowledge was important in making the determination quickly. However, the presence and absence of a precipitate, and not some complex and expensive test, was central to the procedure. It is not as easy to determine the intended use of the vials of sulfuric acid as the chemical composition of the contents. Civil War historians knew that nitroglycerine was discovered about a decade before the war, and it was often manufactured on the spot because it could no be transported. Perhaps the synthesis of nitroglycerine (or a different explosive) was the intended use of the sulfuric acid.

Dr.Badruddin Khan
http://www.articlesbase.com/college-and-university-articles/why-to-avoid-tasting-chemicals-and-how-to-test-unknown-chemicals-677340.html

Daniel Vincent Kelley giving the know how to alkalize water at home using 2 plastic containers, 2 stainless steel electrodes, 2 wires, a sponge and a bit of baking soda. The result gives acidic water and alkaline water separated.

alkaline water is good for people. People are supposed to be 7.4 PH or slightly alkaline. A ph test is a good measure of wellness versus health risk.

The acidic water that is produced by this process is good for plants, will help your plants grow extraordinarily strong.

To read more on alkaline water, where they charge $2000 dollars for a water alkalizer visit:
http://www.promolife.com/water-purifiers/alkaline-water-ionizers/cat_46.html

Link for a cheap PH meter:
http://www.amazon.com/Milwaukee-Instruments-MILWAUKEE-PH-METER/dp/B000O3B52U/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=miscellaneous&qid=1252344911&sr=8-2

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There are plenty of different ways of cooking fish and it is fun to try different methods. Depending on whether you are using a whole fish, steaks of fillets, you might like to try braising, deep or shallow frying, steaming or even cooking the fish on a wood fish board. Stuffed fish tastes delicious and adds texture. Round fish are the best for stuffing because the body cavity is larger. Most stuffing is made from breadcrumbs, which expand when they cook, so do not use too much. If you are using sea bass, a parsley and walnut pesto makes a great stuffing. If you have fillets, you can sandwich them with stuffing or roll them, then oven-bake them.

Steaming is a good, easy way to cook fillets, whole fish, and steaks. You need to put the fish in the steamer over boiling water and have a tight-fitting lid on it. For more detail go to: www.delicious-sandwich-recipes.com.Poaching is another healthy way of cooking it, in which you add seasoning, cream or another thickener and herbs. This gives you a sauce to serve with the fish.

Oven baking and roasting are suitable for whole fish or fillets. You place the fish in an ovenproof dish and add herbs, seasoning, oil or butter and white wine. If you want very tender flesh, you can cook your fish “en papillae”, which means you put the fish in sealed paper or foil, so it will cook in its own steam. You might like to add lemon or limejuice, fresh herbs and white wine to the fish before sealing the parcel and cooking it. If you would like to braise your fish, you need to put it on top of sautéed vegetables in an ovenproof dish, add some white wine and bouillon, and cook for about 20 minutes, with a tight-fitting lid in place.

If you are using fillets or small, whole fish, grilling is another cooking method. If your fish are whole, make a few slashes through the skin on each side of the fish and brush it with olive oil or melted mutter. Turn the fish halfway through cooking and baste it if you want. You can also wrap the fish in foil with herbs, lemon juice, and olive oil before placing it on the grill.

You do not always need to heat fish in order to cook it. For more detail go to:www.july4-recipes.com.Crevice is when you soak white fish, usually snapper, in chili, herbs, and lime juice. You can also use flounder, sole, or scallops. The acidic citrus juice cooks the fish.

You can use pretty much any wood to cook fish, as long as it is pest-free and untreated. You need to soak the board for at least an hour before cooking, to ensure it is waterlogged. This means the wood will generate enough steam to cook the fish

Cedar is a common wood for fish boards but you can also use alder, maple, cherry, apple, or oak. A wood fish board is for one use only and you can get one from a specialty food store or online.

To stop the fish sticking to the board, brush the fish with oil first on one side. You will not need to flip the fish during cooking because it cooks indirectly. Season the fish and place it on the fish board, which you then put on the grill. Make sure you are using a low fire so as not to ignite the board and baste the fish during cooking with anything non-flammable.

Using a wood fish board to cook the fish results in a wonderful flavor. The wood will smolder, making the fish deliciously smoky. In addition, since you only use the board once, it really cuts down on washing up!

IG SERVE
http://www.articlesbase.com/food-and-beverage-articles/different-ways-of-fish-cooking-702125.html

and what would happen to each organism (snails, fishes, and plants) in the tank if the water was too basic?

Too much carbon dioxide would make the water acidic by forming carbonic acid. As for the organisms, it will depend on what you mean by "too much." They’ll be able to tolerate CO2 to some levels, but it will depend on the species. Further, the plants need the CO2 for photosynthesis. Hope this helps!
______________________________________________
please visit my BioBlog @ http://www.santiagorlopez.com

Daniel Vincent Kelley giving the know how to alkalize water at home using 2 plastic containers, 2 stainless steel electrodes, 2 wires, a sponge and a bit of baking soda. The result gives acidic water and alkaline water separated.

alkaline water is good for people. People are supposed to be 7.4 PH or slightly alkaline. A ph test is a good measure of wellness versus health risk.

The acidic water that is produced by this process is good for plants, will help your plants grow extraordinarily strong.

To read more on alkaline water, where they charge $2000 dollars for a water alkalizer visit:
http://www.promolife.com/water-purifiers/alkaline-water-ionizers/cat_46.html

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These companies offer a full range of landscape services including consultation, design, installation and maintenance. A landscape business will usually specialize in one or more areas and subcontract related installation elements such as outdoor kitchens, swimming pools, water fountains, outdoor fireplaces, and landscape lighting.

The Steps to Getting Your Landscape Started

When you decide to hire a landscape business, you typically begin with an initial discovery meeting where you have an opportunity to discuss your overall goals, control elements, design intent and the overall aesthetics. The next meeting may include landscape designs, landscape plans, permitting issues and cost studies. In providing landscape services, a good professional should work diligently to help you define the scope of your outdoor project, phasing, scheduling, coordination, selection of all materials and construction methods, and project cost.

Once you have approved the landscape design, the landscape company you selected can begin the installation. As mentioned earlier, many landscape businesses act as the general contractor and oversee the entire installation of drainage, irrigation and landscape lighting. The fees for these services vary for each landscape business; however they are normally charged as a percentage of the total cost of the work for the project. .

Installation phase

A landscape business will usually include all plant materials, irrigation, drainage, and landscape lighting in their contract. Once the irrigation and lighting contractors finish their work, the planting can be completed by putting in all shrubs, groundcover, and seasonal color. After this step, mulching and cleanup commence. The irrigation and lighting subcontractors then return for final adjustments and the installation is complete.

It is during the installation that the importance of tree preservation must be emphasized. Careful pre-construction activities include protective tree fencing, borer applications on sensitive trees, temporary drainage and elevated walks to protect tree roots. Proper grading and soil preparation around large trees is another delicate issue. The foresight to understand the impact of changing grades on mature trees is crucial, so make sure your landscape service company is well versed in this area of expertise.

Some homeowners want to act as general contractors for their landscaping projects in order to save money. This choice can lead to some real problems. Often confusions can arise from the misunderstanding of trade terminology, scheduling and coordination if the different phases of a project. A subcontractor will respond much better to a seasoned general contractor who understands the work to be performed and with whom they have a good relationship based on past experience. Many landscape businesses have years of experience to make sure the end results exceed your expectations.

The Art of Communication

There should be good understanding, communication and comfort level between you and the firm you hire. Remember, your attention to detail and expectations of the entire process are crucial in determining which landscape company to hire for your outdoor project

Finally, landscape maintenance is one of the most important ongoing services to insure that your investment develops into a mature and beautiful outdoor environment. A landscape business will typically include proper trimming of plant material and mowing of all lawn areas. Landscape businesses should have a methodical feeding program that boosts the varying plant health of tropical, acidic and seasonal color plants. The feeding program may also include spring and fall aeration of lawn areas with the application of fall rye grass. Water management through continual inspection of the irrigation controller, heads, and seasonal watering times is the foundation for lawn, shrub and tree health. Continual observation and diagnosis of plant pests and diseases are the last part of a complete and continually proactive maintenance program.

Jeff Halper
http://www.articlesbase.com/gardening-articles/landscape-business-houston-698501.html

Strong Acidic Electrolyzed Water at pH 2.5 can replace agricultural pesticides. Tap water comes into an electrolysis machine that separates water into basic and acidic water. Salt is added to water to allow more electrical flow through the electrolysis chamber where water separates into strong basic (pH 11.5) and strong acidic (pH 2.5) water. At the negative pole you get strong basic water that has pH of 11.0 or more and at the positive pole you get strong acidic water that has pH of 2.6 or less.

The strong acidic water at pH 2.5 kills germs that cause cucumber diseases (shown in this video). Why does this water kill germs? The germs which kill lawns cannot live below pH 3, give more strong acidic water they are destroyed. Furthermore, a high positive oxidation reduction potential (O.R.P.) of 1,100 milliVolts, traces of chlorine, and oxygen will also kill the germs.

Some kinds of agricultural chemicals remain in the soil for a long time, and in some cases these chemicals become a source of pollution.

This is an example of how in the future we can have chemical-free farming.

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i am just so curious because there are some new world cichlids that can live in hard water so i am just curious.

No.
There are many African cichlids that do well in soft, acidic water, but none from Lake Malawi, because the water in Lake Malawi is quite hard and alkaline.

Look up information on "West African cichlids, and you’ll find a lot of cichlid species that are native to soft water.

As a commercial property developer or owner, you want to find a commercial landscape design firm who will partner with you in reaching your long- and short-term goals. Key members of that team will include landscape designers or landscape architects, the professionals who will help enhance the investment potential of your property. Another key team member will be a commercial landscape maintenance company.

Commercial Landscape Design: The Process

The basic components of a commercial landscape design include:

• Design. In the early stages of the design process, your commercial landscape design team will work with you on the program elements, aesthetics and permitting issues. The next phase includes landscape layout, planting plans and cost studies. In providing design services, a true professional should work diligently and patiently to help you define the scope of your project, determine the scheduling, coordinate vendors, assist in the selection of materials, and develop a final budget.

• Landscape lighting. A well-designed landscape lighting system gives a commercial property 24/7 visibility. Since lighting is a big deterrent of crime, one of the most important services that it delivers is safety, thereby providing an invaluable aid to establishments that conduct business at night, such as hotels, country clubs, social clubs, colleges, schools, museums, and restaurants. The second, and equally important, purpose of landscape lighting is to create a memorable nighttime setting for the property.

• Irrigation systems. Money savings and convenience are the ultimate end goals of an irrigation system. It supplies the appropriate amount of water to the appropriate plant material. It separates the lawn, beds and color areas into different zones that require different watering conditions due to the various plant types, sunlight conditions and weather.

• Drainage systems. With Houston’s heavy soils, low-lying areas and torrential rains, proper landscape drainage is essential for three reasons: a) to protect your property from flooding b) to protect the foundation of the building(s) from cracking and uneven shrinkage or swelling c) to properly drain roofs and landscaped areas to avoid standing water that can cause slippery surfaces, breeding grounds for mosquitoes or drowned landscaping. A landscape drainage system should be viewed as a whole to ensure that its functions and fixtures work together properly.

Commercial Landscape Design: Maintenance

With your daily priorities of meeting the needs and demands of tenants, establishing property security and controlling budgets, time management is critical. Therefore, it makes your job easier to work with a commercial landscape maintenance provider who honors your time by working efficiently without needing a lot of oversight.

Regular maintenance-

• Turf maintenance. This term includes cutting the grass, edging, feeding and treating-activities that promote healthy plant growth.

• Trimming hedges and ground covers. This task ensures that all elements conform to the overall commercial landscape design.

• Tree care. Trees are valuable assets and can be protected with deep-root fertilization. Aeration also encourages root growth. Trees should be inspected regularly for insect infestations and disease.

• Fertilizations. Regular fertilization is a form of insurance for your plants. It means a methodical feeding program that insures the health of tropical, acidic and seasonal color plants.

• Herbicide and insecticide treatments. Continual observation and diagnosis of plant pests and diseases are critical to plant health.

Seasonal Color-

Seasonal plantings are an important part of a commercial landscape design because they present a continuously positive image of the property. Your commercial landscape maintenance company should possess extensive knowledge of plant material, color, and texture.

Preventive Maintenance-

Preventive maintenance can be your best defense against potential landscape and property damage and, in the long run, saves money. Items on the checklist include:

• Tree inspection. Watch for branches touching the building or overhead wires. Dead limbs need to be trimmed to promote vigorous growth. Trees should be regularly checked for disease, decay or wounds and swift action taken as needed.

• Irrigation inspection. Regular inspectio

Jeff Halper
http://www.articlesbase.com/gardening-articles/commercial-landscape-design-in-houston-texas-681240.html

Microclimate is defined as the temperature, humidity, pH and air movement at a particular level, usually an interface between two systems, e.g., ground and air, skin and air. Chemicals used in soaps and shampoos disturb the microclimates on your body, which actually cause stinkier microbes to move in, thus, the faster you stink. All personal care and cleaning products (and and lawn care products, pesticides, shampoos, soaps, conditioners, etc) are sold by making you ‘feel’ insecure and then offering a ‘chemical’ bath solution. Studies show how water effects our skin’s ph balance. What does ‘body pH’ mean? The pH, which is an abbreviation for power of hydrogen, is a measuring unit of acidity and alkalinity of a solution. When pH balance is achieved, your body/skin will start to restore its overall health. This cannot be achieved by continuing to use of products with chemicals, (most products claim to assist in ph balance, this is done using chemicals). Have you ever read, “pH balanced” on a product and wondered what it meant? From irritation, dryness, to acne, pH levels can either resolve or cause further distress to your skin. Our skin is naturally designed to fight against infection and the environment. The pH level of the skin refers to how acidic or alkaline your skin is. On a scale from 1 being the most acidic to 14 being the most alkaline, 7 is considered a neutral reading for your skins pH. Our skin has a thin, protective layer on the surface, often referred to as the acid mantle. This acid mantle is made up of sebum (free fatty acids) that is excreted from the skins sebaceous glands, which then mixes with Lactic and Amino Acids from sweat to create the ideal pH, which should be slightly acidic, at about 5.5. Unpolluted rain has pH of about 6.2. So depending on your water supply will depend upon your results, and realise if we stopped pouring chemicals down our drains and into our water supply by way of these chemical products, the ph in our water supply would drastically improve. Common sense really.
My husband and I took the Desteni hair dare and shaved our heads on Jan 1, 2010. This was us standing and making a visual statement for All to be realized as who we are, All as One as Equal. Upon suggestion from Desteni Universe website, we stopped using shampoos/conditioners, soaps and lotions and only bathing with water. We also stopped using all beauty and cleaning products as well as toothpaste. Toothpastes are loaded with chemicals, and we are putting that in our mouths! Instead, use peroxide and baking soda to brush your teeth. Both peroxide spritzed or, baking soda sprinkled, can be used under arms if necessary for odor. We noticed after bathing with water only, within 3 to 4 days, as the body becomes free from the chemicals previously used, you begin to become aware of your own natural body scent. But no odor – unless much physical exertion – which is why baking soda or peroxide before assists. What is amazing is how soft our skin has become. We no longer have dry itchy skin. Most dry skin is caused by the soaps one uses, as they remove the natural oils from your skin. We use water only to shave and have not experienced razor burn at all.
We’re also using earth friendly, chemical free liquid dish detergent and powdered laundry detergent and, are looking into ways of making our own. Instead of using fabric softener, we’re adding baking soda to the rinse cycle. Over the past month and a half, we estimate that we have saved, or avoided spending, at least $200 (hair cut & color, gels, hair spray, shampoos, creme rinse, bar soap, toothpaste, deodorant,makeup,etc.). We have been Conned. All our bodies require is water. Try it for yourself, for two weeks. See for your self. Afterward, send me your video reply! I Dare You for You, for Earth, which is You! I also Dare you to Shave Your head! It has been an amazing experience.
www.desteni.co.za
www.faceworldfaceoff.com

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